Category Archives: unix

11g, 12c, Administration, hp-ux, linux, unix

Executing Oracle Script as a LINUX or UNIX background process

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There are multiple situations where you have to execute processes in your Oracle environment as a daemon or background process of your OS. This procedure describes the use of “NOHUP” to begin the execution of a background process. In this example we are executing the Oracle 12c upgrade script ‘preupgrd.sql’ on an OEL (Oracle Enterprise Linux) platform.

1. Logon to your OEL server as the oracle software owner.

root@mylinux#su – oracle
oracle@mylinux#

2. Change directory to the location of your script file.

oracle@mylinux#cd /opt/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/rdbms/admin/
oracle@mylinux#

3. At the OS prompt execute the NOHUP command passing in a sqlplus connection string and the script name to be executed following by a terminating ampersand sign ‘&’.

nohup sqlplus sys/password as sysdba @./preupgrd.sql &

oracle@mylinux#nohup sqlplus sys/password as sysdba @./preupgrd.sql &
[1] 7260
oracle@mylinux#nohup: ignoring input and appending output to `nohup.out’

oracle@mylinux#

4. The (nohup) command will produce a log file in the local directory named nohup.out which records all terminal output from the daemon.

oracle@mylinux#cat nohup.out
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sat Mar 26 17:28:19 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Loading Pre-Upgrade Package…

SQL>

5. You can also see the processing with the system process command (ps) as shown below.

oracle@mylinux#ps -ef|grep nohup
oracle 9707 9268 0 18:11 pts/0 00:00:00 grep nohup
[1]+ Exit 1 nohup sqlplus sys/password as sysdba @./preupgrd.sql
oracle@mylinux#

6. This completes executing an Oracle script as a LINUX or UNIX background process.

Larry J. Catt, OCP

Administration, error, hp-ux, linux, unix

Allowing SCP on Linux 7

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Attempting to transfer files from one server Linux1 to Linux2 results in error: Linux2 sshd not started.

[oracle@linux1 STAGE]$ scp * oracle@10.2.0.155:/u01/STAGE/*
ssh: connect to host 10.2.0.155 port 22: Connection refused
lost connection
[oracle@linux1 STAGE]$
1. Logon as the root user to linux2 server.

[larry@linux2 ~]$ su –
Password:
Last login: Wed Sep 14 10:26:34 EDT 2016 on pts/1
[root@linux2 ~]#

2. Attempt to start the SSH service with command: service sshd start

[root@linux2 ~]# service sshd start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start sshd.service
[root@linux2 ~]#

3. Check the status of sshd service with command: service sshd status

[root@linux2 ~]# service sshd status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status sshd.service
? sshd.service – OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2016-09-14 10:23:36 EDT; 16min ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 1283 (sshd)
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
??1283 /usr/sbin/sshd -D

Sep 14 10:23:36 linux2.localdomain systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Sep 14 10:23:36 linux2.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting OpenSSH server daemon…
Sep 14 10:23:36 linux2.localdomain sshd[1283]: Server listening on 0.0.0.0 p….
Sep 14 10:23:36 linux2.localdomain sshd[1283]: Server listening on :: port 22.
Sep 14 10:25:45 linux2.localdomain sshd[3639]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authenti…y
Sep 14 10:25:47 linux2.localdomain sshd[3639]: Failed password for larry fro…2
Sep 14 10:25:50 linux2.localdomain sshd[3639]: Accepted password for larry f…2
Sep 14 10:39:50 linux2.localdomain systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH server daemon.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@linux2 ~]#

4. Re-attempt the transfer from linux1 server.

[oracle@linux1 STAGE]$ scp * oracle@10.2.0.155:/u01/STAGE/.
oracle@10.2.0.155’s password:
fmw_12.2.1.1.0_infrastructure_Disk1_1of1.zip 100% 1490MB 99.3MB/s 00:15
fmw_12.2.1.1.0_infrastructure.jar 100% 1490MB 99.4MB/s 00:15
fmw_12211_readme.htm 100% 19KB 19.1KB/s 00:00
fmw.rsp 100% 1996 2.0KB/s 00:00
jdk1.7.0_79: not a regular file
jdk-7u79-linux-x64.tar.gz 100% 146MB 146.4MB/s 00:01
[oracle@linux1 STAGE]$
This completes failure of SCP transfer from stopped SSHD processes.
Larry Catt
OCP

Administration, hp-ux, linux, unix

Change time zone of Linux Server

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This procedure demonstrates the method to change the Time Zone of a typical Linux server.   NOTE:  Due to the number and variations LINUX distributions, this procedure may not work on all LINUX installs.   This procedure was performed on Oracle Enterprise Linux 7.2  (OEL 7.2).

 

  1. Logon to your Linux server as root.

 

[larry@linux2 ~]$ sudo su –

[sudo] password for larry:

Last login: Thu Nov  3 11:02:19 EDT 2016 on pts/1

[root@linux2 ~]#

 

 

  1. Change to directory /etc

 

[root@linux2 ~]# cd /etc

[root@linux2 etc]#

 

  1. Display the currently set system time with command date.

 

[root@linux2 etc]# date

Wed Nov 30 12:39:08 UTC 2016

[root@linux2 etc]#

 

  1. List the current setting to link /etc/localtime and remove link /etc/localtime, using the “rm –f” command.

 

[root@linux2 etc]# ls -l localtime

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Nov 30 14:22 localtime -> /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC

[root@linux2 etc]# rm -rf localtime

[root@linux2 etc]#

 

  1. Create new link to directory /usr/share/zoneinfo/<your time zone> with you correct timezone.  In this example we are changing to EST.

 

ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/EST localtime

 

 

[root@linux2 etc]# ls -l localtime

lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Nov 30 09:23 localtime -> /usr/share/zoneinfo/EST

[root@linux2 etc]#

 

  1. Execute linux date command to see new timezone.

 

[root@linux2 etc]# date

Wed Nov 30 09:25:40 EST 2016

[root@linux2 etc]#

 

  1. This completes changing the time zone on Linux server.

 

Larry Catt

OCP

 

11g, hp-ux, installer, Oracle, RAC, unix

Undo root.sh script in 11g GRID or RDBMS install

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If you have executed root.sh on the installation of an Oracle 11g clusterware or RDBMS install and it failed. Remove the changes made by root.sh before re-execution with the following procedure.

1. Logon as the root user.

2. Navigate to the Oracle GRID_HOME

3. Execute the following command.

/opt/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -deconfig –force -verbose

This completes the undoing the execution of root.sh from an Oracle Grid Installation.

Larry J. Catt, OCP 9i, 10g
oracle@allcompute.com
www.allcompute.com

11g, hp-ux, installer, linux, RAC, unix

SSH, PING, and RSH – Permissions causing failure on Oracle RAC Installation

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Oracle RAC requires permissions to networking components which are typically restricted on most systems. Most notable are permissions to utilities SSH, PING, and RSH. If you are attempting to install Oracle RAC software and you are receiving failures in communications; check the permissions of these utilities for a possible cause.

1. Logon to your Linux server as root.

2. Change the permissions on the following files to u+s.

chmod u+s /bin/ping
chmod u+s /usr/bin/ssh
chmod u+s /usr/bin/rsh

This completes allowing Oracle permissions to SSH, PING, and RSH for RAC configurations.
Larry J. Catt, OCP 9i, 10g
oracle@allcompute.com
www.allcompute.com

11g, hp-ux, installer, linux, unix

Required packages for Oracle 11g RDBMS install on LINUX

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The installation of Oracle RDBMS software requires supporting OS level functionality to successfully complete and operate. This article outlines the RPM checks which should be completed before the installation of Oracle 11g RDBMS is begun.

1. Logon to your Linux Server as the root user.

2. Below is a listing of the RPM Oracle gives as required for a successful 11g RDBMS install. However, RPMs are continuously updated so the version on your system may be newer than what was given by the manufacturer

binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
numactl-devel-0.9.8.i386
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11

3. Thus, when investigating if the RPM exists on your system, you should not include the version number. In this example we will check for the existence of RPM binutils-2.17.50.0.6. Use the rpm –qa command to gather all installed packages, then lookup for the specific one with grep.


[root@mylinux1 ~]# rpm -qa|grep binutils
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5
[root@mylinux1 ~]#

4. As seen above the actual version of the rpm binutils-2.17.50.0.6 is an exact match, but it does not have to be. As long as the installed package has a version greater than the required version of 2.17.50.0.6, it meets our needs for 11g RDBMS install.

5. Repeat these steps for each required package.
This completes checking for required Oracle 11g RDBMS packages.

Larry J. Catt, OCP 9i, 10g
oracle@allcompute.com
www.allcompute.com

hp-ux, installer, itanium, linux, Oracle, unix

Required packages for Oracle 10g RDBMS install on LINUX

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The installation of Oracle RDBMS software requires supporting OS level functionality to successfully complete and operate. This article outlines the check which should be done before the installation of Oracle 10g RDBMS is begun.

1. Logon to your Linux Server as the root user.

2. Below is a listing of the RPMs Oracle gives as required for a successful 10g RDBMS install. However, RPMs are continuously updated so the version on your system may be newer than shown below.

libgomp-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
kernel-headers-2.6.18-92.el5.x86_64.rpm
glibc-headers-2.5-24.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
sysstat-7.0.2-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.5-24.x86_64.rpm
libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.x86_64.rpm
gcc-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.x86_64.rpm
compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.x86_64.rpm
compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4.x86_64.rpm
gdb-6.5-37.el5.x86_64.rpm
libtermcap-devel-2.0.8-46.1.x86_64.rpm
readline-devel-5.1-1.1.x86_64.rpm
unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.5-24.i386.rpm
libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-42.el5.i386.rpm
unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm

3. When investigating if the RPM exists on your system, you should not include the version number. In this example we will check for the existence of RPM libgomp-4.1.2-42.el5.x86_64.rpm. Use the rpm –qa command to gather all installed packages, then lookup the specific one with grep.

[root@mylinux1 ~]# rpm -qa|grep libgomp
libgomp-4.4.4-13.el5
[root@mylinux1 ~]#

4. As seen above the actual version of the rpm libgomp is 4.4.4 which is greater than the required version of 4.1.2 and meets our needs for 10g RDBMS install.

5. Repeat these steps for each required package.

This completes checking for required Oracle 10g RDBMS packages.

Larry J. Catt, OCP 9i, 10g
oracle@allcompute.com
www.allcompute.com

11g, hp-ux, installer, network, Oracle, Oracle 10g, RAC, unix

Oracle RAC and the NTP process

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If you are installing Oracle Clusterware on a Linux or UNIX machine, the following error may occur if you have not turned on Slewing:

PRVF-5439: NTP daemon does not have slewing option “-x” set on the node

The following procedure will remedy this problem, as demonstrated in a RHEL 5.4 environment.

1. Logon to your Oracle cluster node as the root user

2. Open the file /etc/sysconfig/ntpd and ensuring that the line


OPTIONS=”-u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -x”

3. If the line does not contain the –x option, edit the file so it reads as above.

4. Then stop the service as below, with the command /sbin/service ntpd stop


[root@mylinux1 ~]# /sbin/service ntpd stop
Shutting down ntpd: [ OK ]

5. Restart the service as below, with the command /sbin/service ntpd start


[root@mylinux1 ~]# /sbin/service ntpd start
ntpd: Synchronizing with time server: [ OK ]
Starting ntpd: [ OK ]
[root@mylinux1 ~]#

6. Verify that the –x option has been implemented, with the command ps –ef|grep ntp


[root@mylinux1 ~]# ps -ef|grep ntp
ntp 8301 1 0 20:33 ? 00:00:00 ntpd -u ntp:ntp -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -x
root 8792 28965 0 20:34 pts/1 00:00:00 grep ntp
[root@mylinux1 ~]#

This completes turning the NTPD slewing option on for Oracle clusteware.

Larry J. Catt, OCP 9i, 10g
oracle@allcompute.com
www.allcompute.com

11g, hp-ux, installer, linux, Oracle, Oracle 10g, unix

Formatting of OCFS2 Shared Storage

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The Oracle OCFS2 file system can be used to format shared storage for multiple node access. To accomplish this task, OCFS2 rpm must be installed and configured. Below is the procedure for preparing the shared disks for use, once OCFS2 has been installed and configured.

1. Logon to one of your Oracle servers as the root user.

2. Locate the shared storage presented in the directory /dev/mapper on both nodes.

-mylinux1
[root@mylinux1 ~]# ll /dev/mapper
total 0
crw——- 1 root root 10, 63 Jan 22 17:44 control
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 3 Jan 22 17:45 DATA-50GB-02
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 8 Jan 22 17:45 DATA-50GB-03
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 1 Jan 22 17:45 VOTE-1GB-05
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 2 Jan 22 17:45 VOTE-1GB-06
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 4 Jan 22 17:45 HOME-50GB-02
[root@mylinux1 ~]#

-mylinux2
[root@mylinux2 ~]# ll /dev/mapper
total 0
crw——- 1 root root 10, 63 Jan 22 17:44 control
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 3 Jan 22 17:45 DATA-50GB-02
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 8 Jan 22 17:45 DATA-50GB-03
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 1 Jan 22 17:45 VOTE-1GB-05
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 2 Jan 22 17:45 VOTE-1GB-06
brw-rw—- 1 root disk 253, 4 Jan 22 17:45 HOME-50GB-03
[root@mylinux2 ~]#

3. The shared storage will be mounted on each node of the RAC. In this example our shared storage includes the following:


/dev/mapper/DATA-50GB-02
/dev/mapper/DATA-50GB-03
/dev/mapper/VOTE-1GB-05
/dev/mapper/VOTE-1GB-06

4. As the root user, format each shared storage device with the following command: NOTE: formatting of the share disks is only performed on a single node, repeating on additional nodes will destroy all information.

Example:

/sbin/mkfs.ocfs2 /dev/mapper/DATA-50GB-02

[root@mylinux1 ~]# /sbin/mkfs.ocfs2 /dev/mapper/DATA-50GB-02
mkfs.ocfs2 1.4.4
Cluster stack: classic o2cb
Overwriting existing ocfs2 partition.
Proceed (y/N): y
Label:
Features: sparse backup-super unwritten inline-data strict-journal-super
Block size: 2048 (11 bits)
Cluster size: 4096 (12 bits)
Volume size: 1069252608 (261048 clusters) (522096 blocks)
Cluster groups: 17 (tail covers 7096 clusters, rest cover 15872 clusters)
Extent allocator size: 4194304 (1 groups)
Journal size: 33554432
Node slots: 2
Creating bitmaps: done
Initializing superblock: done
Writing system files: done
Writing superblock: done
Writing backup superblock: 0 block(s)
Formatting Journals: done
Growing extent allocator: done
Formatting slot map: done
Writing lost+found: done
mkfs.ocfs2 successful

[root@mylinux1 ~]#

This procedure is repeated for each shared storage device.

Larry J. Catt, OCP 9i, 10g
oracle@allcompute.com
www.allcompute.com

11g, hp-ux, linux, Oracle, RAC, unix

CRS-4640 and CRS-4000 during execution of root.sh

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The following procedure will help in resolving error CRS-4640 and CRS-4000 during the execution of root.sh script in the installation of Oracle 11g clusteware.

ERROR:
Adding daemon to inittab
CRS-4640: Oracle High Availability Services is already active
CRS-4000: Command Start failed, or completed with errors.
ohasd failed to start: Inappropriate ioctl for device
ohasd failed to start at /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl line 443.
[root@mylinux1 grid]#

CAUSE: Previous install of clusterware not properly removed.

FIX:

1. Execute the script $CRS_HOME/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -deconfig -force

[root@mylinux1 install]# ./rootcrs.pl -deconfig -force
2010-04-1515:43:23: Parsing the host name
2010-04-1515:43:23: Checking for super user privileges
2010-04-1515:43:23: User has super user privileges
Using configuration parameter file: ./crsconfig_params
PRCR-1035 : Failed to look up CRS resource ora.cluster_vip.type for 1
PRCR-1068 : Failed to query resources
Cannot communicate with crsd
PRCR-1070 : Failed to check if resource ora.gsd is registered
Cannot communicate with crsd
PRCR-1070 : Failed to check if resource ora.ons is registered
Cannot communicate with crsd
PRCR-1070 : Failed to check if resource ora.eons is registered
Cannot communicate with crsd

ACFS-9200: Supported
CRS-4535: Cannot communicate with Cluster Ready Services
CRS-4000: Command Stop failed, or completed with errors.
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on ‘mylinux1’
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop ‘ora.cssdmonitor’ on ‘mylinux1’
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop ‘ora.evmd’ on ‘mylinux1’
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop ‘ora.mdnsd’ on ‘mylinux1’
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop ‘ora.gpnpd’ on ‘mylinux1’
CRS-2677: Stop of ‘ora.cssdmonitor’ on ‘mylinux1’ succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of ‘ora.mdnsd’ on ‘mylinux1’ succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of ‘ora.evmd’ on ‘mylinux1’ succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of ‘ora.gpnpd’ on ‘mylinux1’ succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop ‘ora.gipcd’ on ‘mylinux1’
CRS-2677: Stop of ‘ora.gipcd’ on ‘mylinux1’ succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on ‘mylinux1’ has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
Successfully deconfigured Oracle clusterware stack on this node
[root@mylinux1 install]#

2. Once you have received the message “Successfully deconfigured Oracle clusterware”, then you can re-execute the shell script $CRS_HOME/root.sh

[root@mylinux1 grid]# ./root.sh
…
…
…
…
Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster … succeeded
Updating inventory properties for clusterware
Starting Oracle Universal Installer…

Checking swap space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 17625 MB Passed
The inventory pointer is located at /etc/oraInst.loc
The inventory is located at /u01/app/oraInventory
‘UpdateNodeList’ was successful.
[root@mylinux1 grid]#

This completes the resolution to Oracle clusterware errors CRS-4640 and CRS-4000 during the execution of root.sh.

Larry J. Catt, OCP 9i, 10g
oracle@allcompute.com
www.allcompute.com